Avena Sativa Extract
1. Effect of Avena Sativa (oat bran) enriched diet on the atherogenic lipid profile in patients with an increased coronary heart disease risk. A controlled randomized lifestyle intervention study. Ann Nutr Metab. 2003;47(6):306-11.
2. Adult celiac patients do tolerate large amounts of oats (avena sativa). Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jan;57(1):163-9.
3. Monograph-British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (1976), pp. 27 and 217.
4. Fukushima et al., Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1976, vol. 119, pp. 115-122. - US Patend #4,886,665
Tribulus Terrestris Extract
1. Fitoterapia. 2003 Sep;74(6):583-91. Furostanol saponins from Tribulus terrestris. De Combarieu E, Fuzzati N, Lovati M, Mercalli E.
2. Life Sci. 2003 Oct 24;73(23):2963-71. Study of antihypertensive mechanism of Tribulus terrestris in 2K1C hypertensive rats: role of tissue ACE activity. Sharifi AM, Darabi R, Akbarloo N.
3. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Apr;85(2-3):257-60. Tribulus terrestris: preliminary study of its diuretic and contractile effects and comparison with Zea mays. Al-Ali M, Wahbi S, Twaij H, Al-Badr A.
4. J Pharm Sci. 2001 Nov;90(11):1752-8. Determination of steroidal saponins in Tribulus terrestris by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection. Ganzera M, Bedir E, Khan IA.
5. J Nat Prod. 2000 Dec;63(12):1699-701. New steroidal glycosides from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris. Bedir E, Khan IA.
6. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2000 Jan;29(1):22-6. Proerectile pharmacological effects of Tribulus terrestris extract on the rabbit corpus cavernosum. Adaikan PG, Gauthaman K, Prasad RN, Ng SC.
7. Life Sci. 2002 Aug 9;71(12):1385-96. Aphrodisiac properties of Tribulus Terrestris extract (Protodioscin) in normal and castrated rats. Gauthaman K, Adaikan PG, Prasad RN.
8. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Aug;72(2 Suppl):624S-36S. Selected herbals and human exercise performance. Bucci LR.
9. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Oct;20(5):520-8. Endocrine and lipid responses to chronic androstenediol-herbal supplementation in 30 to 58 year old men. Brown GA, Vukovich MD, Martini ER, Kohut ML, Franke WD, Jackson DA, King DS.
10. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2000 Jun;10(2):208-15. The effects of Tribulus terrestris on body composition and exercise performance in resistance-trained males. Antonio J, Uelmen J, Rodriguez R, Earnest C.
11. Boll Chim Farm. 1998 Dec;137(11):473-5. Effect of Tribulus terrestris L. saponin mixture on some smooth muscle preparations: a preliminary study. Arcasoy HB, Erenmemisoglu A, Tekol Y, Kurucu S, Kartal M.
12. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Nov;83(1-2):153-9. Evaluation of natural products on inhibition of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cultured mouse macrophage cells. Hong CH, Hur SK, Oh OJ, Kim SS, Nam KA, Lee SK.
13. Zhong Yao Cai. 2003 May;26(5):341-4. [Effect of saponin from Tribulus terrestris on hyperlipidemia] [Article in Chinese] Chu S, Qu W, Pang X, Sun B, Huang X.
14. Zhong Yao Cai. 2002 Jun;25(6):420-2. [Hypoglycemic effect of saponin from Tribulus terrestris] [Article in Chinese] Li M, Qu W, Wang Y, Wan H, Tian C.
15. Zhong Yao Cai. 2001 Aug;24(8):586-8. [Effect of the decoction of tribulus terrestris on mice gluconeogenesis] [Article in Chinese] Li M, Qu W, Chu S, Wang H, Tian C, Tu M.
16. Planta Med. 1998 Oct;64(7):628-31. Tribulusamide A and B, new hepatoprotective lignanamides from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris: indications of cytoprotective activity in murine hepatocyte culture. Li JX, Shi Q, Xiong QB, Prasain JK, Tezuka Y, Hareyama T, Wang ZT, Tanaka K, Namba T, Kadota S.
17. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1990 Feb;10(2):85-7, 68. [406 cases of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease treated with saponin of Tribulus terrestris] [Article in Chinese] Wang B, Ma L, Liu T.
18. Vet Res Commun. 2003 Jan;27(1):53-62. Experimental Tribulus terrestris poisoning in sheep: clinical, laboratory and pathological findings. Aslani MR, Movassaghi AR, Mohri M, Pedram M, Abavisani A
Horny Goat Weed Extract
1. Cai D, Shen S, Chen X. Clinical and experimental research of Epimedium brevicornum in relieving neuroendocrino-immunological effect inhibited by exogenous glucocorticoid. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1998 Jan;18(1):4-7.
2. Chen MD, Kuang AK, Chen JL. Influence of yang-restoring herb medicines upon metabolism of thyroid hormone in normal rats and a drug administration schedule. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1989 Feb;9(2):93-5, 70.
3. Gau S, Fu D, Zhang H. Advances in the study on the treatment of osteoporosis with Epimedium brevicornum and its compound prescription. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1999 Apr;24(4):249-51.
4. Gu Y, Meng G. Preparation conditions for decoction of Epimedium grandiflorum Morr. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1990 Jul;15(7):412-3, 446.
5. Kuang AK, Chen JL, Chen MD. Effects of yang-restoring herb medicines on the levels of plasma corticosterone, testosterone and triiodothyronine. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1989 Dec;9(12):737-8, 710.
6. Lee MK, Choi YJ, Sung SH, Shin DI, Kim JW, Kim YC. Antihepatotoxic activity of icariin, a major constituent of Epimedium koreanum. Planta Med. 1995 Dec;61(6):523-6.
7. Liang HR, Vuorela P, Vuorela H, Hiltunen R. Isolation and immunomodulatory effect of flavonol glycosides from Epimedium hunanense. Planta Med. 1997 Aug;63(4):316-9.
8. Liu ZY, Yang YG, Zheng B. Effect of improving memory and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity by invigorating-qi and warming-yang recipe. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1993 Nov;13(11):675-6, 646.
9. Peng G, Fu M, Zhang D. The experimental study about the relations between Chinese herb-epimedium leptorrhizum stearn (CH-ELS) and endogenous cAMP in alveolar bone of orthodontic tooth in rats. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1997 Jan;32(1):40-2.
10. Wu T, Cui L, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Li Q, Liao J, Huang L. Experimental study on antagonizing action of herba Epimedii on side effects induced by glucocorticoids. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1996 Dec;21(12):748-51, 763.
11. Yu S, Chen K, Li S, Zhang K. In vitro and in vivo studies of the effect of a Chinese herb medicine on osteoclastic bone resorption. Chin J Dent Res. 1999 Feb;2(1):7-11.
Tongkat Ali Extract
1. J Nat Prod. 2003 Oct;66(10):1324-7. Cytotoxic and antimalarial beta-carboline alkaloids from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Kuo PC, Shi LS, Damu AG, Su CR, Huang CH, Ke CH, Wu JB, Lin AJ, Bastow KF, Lee KH, Wu TS.
2. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Dec;16(6):479-83. Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on orientation activities in middle-aged male rats. Ang HH, Lee KL.
3. Bioorg Med Chem. 2004 Feb 1;12(3):537-44. Cytotoxic and antimalarial constituents from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Kuo PC, Damu AG, Lee KH, Wu TS.
4. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2003 Nov;51(11):1301-3. Eurycomaoside: a new quassinoid-type glycoside from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Bedir E, Abou-Gazar H, Ngwendson JN, Khan IA.
5. Exp Anim. 2000 Jan;49(1):35-8. Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) on the initiation of sexual performance of inexperienced castrated male rats. Ang HH, Cheang HS, Yusof AP.
6. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2003;14(3):301-8. Eurycoma longifolia Jack enhances sexual motivation in middle-aged male mice. Ang HH, Lee KL, Kiyoshi M.
7. Arch Pharm Res. 2001 Oct;24(5):437-40. Effects of Eurycoma longifolia jack on laevator ani muscle in both uncastrated and testosterone-stimulated castrated intact male rats. Ang HH, Cheang HS.
8. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;79(4):497-500. Studies on the anxiolytic activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack roots in mice. Ang HH, Cheang HS.
9. Thai J Phytopharmacy. 1998 Dec; 5(2):14-27. Toxicological and antimalarial activity of eurycomalactone and Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts in mice. Satayavivad J, Soonthornchareonnon N, Somanabandhu A, Thebtaranonth Y.
10. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Sep;82(1):55-8. In vitro anti-tumor promoting and anti-parasitic activities of the quassinoids from Eurycoma longifolia, a medicinal plant in Southeast Asia. Jiwajinda S, Santisopasri V, Murakami A, Sugiyama H, Gasquet M, Riad E, Balansard G, Ohigashi H.
L-Arginine
1. Alternative Medical Review. 2002, Dec;7 (6):512-22.
2. Appleton, J. 2002. Arginine: Clinical potential of a semi-essential amino.
3. Nakaki T; Kato R. 1994. Beneficial circulatory effect of L-arginine. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Oct, 66:2, 167-71
4. Reyes AA; Karl IE; Klahr S Role of arginine in health and in renal disease [editorial] American Journal of Physiology, 1994 Sep, 267:3 Pt 2, F331-46
5. Albina JE, Mills CD, Barbul A, Thirkill CE, Henry WL Jr, Mastrofrancesco B, Caldwell MD. Arginine metabolism in wounds. American Journal of Physiology 1988;254:E459-E467.
Additional References & Clincal Data Research
Ang, H.H., and Lee, K.L., “Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on Orientation Activities in Middle-Aged Male Rats,” Fundam Clin Pharmacol 16.6 (2002) : 479-83.
Ang, H.H., Sim M.K., “Eurycoma longifolia Jack Enhances Libido in Sexually Experienced Male Rats,” Exp Anim 46.4 (1997) : 287-90.
Annewieke, W., "Measures of Bioavailable Serum Testosterone and Estradiol and Their Relationships with Muscle Strength, Bone Density, and Body Composition in Elderly Men," J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85 (2000) : 3276-82.
Awoniyi, C., et al., “Regulation of Gonadotrophin Secretion in the Male: Effect of an Aromatization Inhibitor in Estradiol-Implanted, Orchidectomized Dogs,” Journal Andriol 7 (1986) : 239-43.
Bamman, M.M., et al., “Urban Mechanical Load Increases Muscle IGF-1 and Androgen Receptor mRNA Concentrations in Humans,” Am J Physiol 280 (2001) : E383-90.
Bhasin, S., et al., “Androgen Effects on Body C Growth Horm IGF,” Res 13 Suppl A (2003) : S63-71.
Bhasin, S., et al., “The Effects of Supraphysiologic Doses of Testosterone on Muscle Size and Strength in Normal Men,” N Engl J Med 335.1 (1996) : 1-7.
Bhasin, S., “Effects of Testosterone Administration on Fat Distribution, Insulin Sensitivity, and Atherosclerosis Progression,” Clin Infect Dis 37 Suppl 2 (2003) : S142-9.
Brown, G.A., et al., “Effects of Anabolic Precursors on Serum Testosterone Concentrations and Adaptations to Resistance Training in Young Men,” Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 10.3 (2000) : 340-59.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Performance, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Ferrando, A.A., et al., "Testosterone Injection Stimulates Net Protein Synthesis but Not Tissue Amino Acid Transport," Am J Physiol 275.5 Pt 1 (1998) : E864-71.
Gauthaman, K., et al., “Aphrodisiac Properties of Tribulus Terrestris Extract (Protodioscin) in Normal and Castrated Rats,” Life Sci 71.12 (2002) : 1385-96.
Guay, A.T., et al., “Clomiphene Increases Free Testosterone Levels in Men with Both Secondary Hypogonadism and Erectile Dysfunction: Who Does and Does Not Benefit?” Int J Impot Res 15.3 (2003) : 156-65 .
Human Performance Specialists, Inc. Thomas Incledon, President, “6-OXO™ on Endocrine Responses in Resistance-Trained Men,” Abstract presented at The American Dietetic Association Annual Meeting in October 2003.
Juniewicz, P.E., et al., “Aromatase Inhibition in the Dog. Effect on Serum LH, Serum Testosterone Concentrations and Spermatogenesis,” Journal Urology 139.4 (1988) : 827-31.
Kadi, F.P., et al., “The Expression of Androgen Receptors in Human Neck and Limb Muscles: Effects of Training and Self-Administration of Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids,” Histochemistry and Cell Biology 113 (2000) : 25-29.
Kraemer, W.J., et al., “Endogenous Anabolic Hormonal and Growth Factor Responses to Heavy Resistance Exercise in Males and Females,” Int J Sport Med 12 (1991) : 228-235.
Kraemer, W.J., et al., “Hormonal and Growth Factor Responses to Heavy Resistance Exercise Protocols,” J Appl Physiol 69 (1990) : 1442-50.
Manni, A., et al., "Bioavailability of Albumin-Bound Testosterone," J Clin Endocrinol Metab 61.4 (1985) : 705-10.
McCell, G.E., et al., “Acute and Chronic Hormonal Responses to Resistance Training Designed to Promote Muscular Hypertrophy,” Can J Appl Physiol 24 (1999) : 96-107.
Pardridge, W.M., "Serum Bioavailability of Sex Steroid Hormones," Clin Endocrinol Metab 15.2 (1986) : 259-78. Review.
Phillips, S.M., et al., “Mixed Muscle Protein Synthesis and Breakdown After Resistance Exercise in Humans,” Am J Physiol 273 (1997) : E99-107.
Protich, M., et al., “Clinical Trial of a Tribestan® Preparation in Infertile Men” [Article in Bulgarian], Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) 22.4 (1983) : 326-9.
Sinha-Hikim, I., et al., "Testosterone-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy Is Associated with an Increase in Satellite Cell Number in Healthy, Young Men," Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285.1 (2003) : E197-205.
Snyder, P.J., et al., "Effects of Testosterone Replacement in Hypogonadal Men," J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85.8 (2000) : 2670-7.
Spaliviero, J.A., et al., “Luteinizing Hormone Receptor-Mediated Effects on Initiation of Spermatogenesis in Gonadotrophin-Deficient (hpg) Mice Are Replicated by Testosterone,” Biol Reprod 2003 Sep 3 [Epub ahead of print]. |